language

Ho

Ho belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family, specifically situated within the North Munda branch of the Munda sub-family.

Speakers

According to the 2011 Census of India, there are approximately 1.4 million speakers of the Ho language.

Distribution in India

The language is primarily spoken in the state of Jharkhand (especially concentrated in the West Singhbhum and East Singhbhum districts). It is also widely spoken in the adjoining districts of northern Odisha (such as Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, and Sundargarh) and parts of West Bengal.

Major grammatical features

  • Phonology: The phonemic inventory of Ho includes a distinction between aspirated and unaspirated stops, retroflex consonants, and characteristic Austro-Asiatic glottalized or checked stops (often occurring syllable-finally). Vowel nasalization and length can also carry contrastive functional weight.
  • Morphology: Ho is a highly agglutinative language. Nouns are marked for three grammatical numbers (singular, dual, and plural) and inflected for grammatical case. Verbs are highly complex, incorporating pronominal markers for both the subject and object, alongside suffixes indicating tense, aspect, and mood.
  • Syntax: The default word order is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). Ho is head-final, utilizing postpositions rather than prepositions, with modifiers generally preceding the nouns they qualify.

Further reading

Family
Austro-Asiatic
Iso6393
hoc
Glottocode
hooo1248
Regions
IN

Direct relationships

Is part of 1

Project BoLIproject

Is documented by 1

BoLI Ho Translationdataset

Has record 48

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RecordSomeone knows English here. · यहाँ कोई अंग्रेजी जानता है।Related through A20241007162824508822_281474976799657.wavPersonSpeaker SPK-F957BD32Related through A20241007162824508822_281474976799657.wavRecordnentaʔ okoe aŋredʒiː adanaRelated through A20241007162824508822_281474976799657.wavRecordThose boys are farmers. · वो लड़के किसान हैं।Related through A20241007162756304695_281474976799605.wavRecorden koa hon ko tʃas hoa kana koRelated through A20241007162756304695_281474976799605.wavRecordThe girl he met was your sister. · वो जिस लड़की से मिला वो आपकी बहन थी।Related through A20241007162740485314_281474976799577.wavRecordae okon kui hon loe nepel jana ae amaʔ unɖite kui ʈaikenaRelated through A20241007162740485314_281474976799577.wavRecordEvery house has a dog. · हर घर में एक कुत्ता है।Related through Transcription of A20241007162819268958_281474976799647.wav