Ho
Ho belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family, specifically situated within the North Munda branch of the Munda sub-family.
Speakers
According to the 2011 Census of India, there are approximately 1.4 million speakers of the Ho language.
Distribution in India
The language is primarily spoken in the state of Jharkhand (especially concentrated in the West Singhbhum and East Singhbhum districts). It is also widely spoken in the adjoining districts of northern Odisha (such as Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, and Sundargarh) and parts of West Bengal.
Major grammatical features
- Phonology: The phonemic inventory of Ho includes a distinction between aspirated and unaspirated stops, retroflex consonants, and characteristic Austro-Asiatic glottalized or checked stops (often occurring syllable-finally). Vowel nasalization and length can also carry contrastive functional weight.
- Morphology: Ho is a highly agglutinative language. Nouns are marked for three grammatical numbers (singular, dual, and plural) and inflected for grammatical case. Verbs are highly complex, incorporating pronominal markers for both the subject and object, alongside suffixes indicating tense, aspect, and mood.
- Syntax: The default word order is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). Ho is head-final, utilizing postpositions rather than prepositions, with modifiers generally preceding the nouns they qualify.
Further reading
Direct relationships
Has record 50
A20241229083934628531_281474976803453.wavaudioTranscription of A20240817143621929401transcriptionAudio A20240817143621598761audioTranscription of A20240817143621993897transcriptionA20241007163457978886_281474976803512.wavaudioA20241007163002133645_281474976800420.wavaudioTranscription of A20241007163242181768_281474976801441.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20241007163233636041_281474976801963.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20241007163149169515_281474976801585.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20241007162811315268_281474976799632.wavtranscriptionAudio A20240817143621892453audioTranscription of A20240817143622227014transcriptionTranscription of A20240817143622028212transcriptionAudio A20240817143621672623audioAudio A20240817143621472741audioAudio A20240817143621728027audioTranscription of A20240817143621743866transcriptionAudio A20240817143622103706audioTranscription of A20240817143621762212transcriptionTranscription of A20240817143621010423transcriptionTranscription of A20241007164124660936_281474976801610.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20241007163235264877_281474976801281.wavtranscriptionAudio A20240817143622179954audioTranscription of A20240817143622226509transcriptionAudio A20240817143620977024audioAudio A20240817143622175583audioA20241007163022644548_281474976801314.wavaudioTranscription of A20240817143621964720transcriptionTranscription of A20240817143621757784transcriptionTranscription of A20240817143621972065transcriptionAudio A20240817143621458376audioTranscription of A20240817143622340061transcriptionAudio A20240817143621886664audioTranscription of A20240817143621400438transcriptionTranscription of A20241007163309335751_281474976802004.wavtranscriptionA20241007163953105406_281474976803658.wavaudioAudio A20240817143622164370audioA20241007162846045967_281474976800146.wavaudioTranscription of A20240817143621988110transcriptionAudio A20240817143621668229audioA20241007162842793262_281474976800141.wavaudioTranscription of A20240817143622148752transcriptionTranscription of A20241007162932064674_281474976800378.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20241007163957196001_281474976803663.wavtranscriptionA20241007164023466454_281474976803697.wavaudioA20241007164044529417_281474976803724.wavaudioTranscription of A20241007164144494349_281474976801604.wavtranscriptionTranscription of A20240817143621886664transcriptionTranscription of A20241007162848245049_281474976800149.wavtranscriptionAudio A20240817143621686259audio